Newer azoles and investigational agents with higher Erg11 binding affinity (or alternative binding modes) may retain activity against some ERG11 variants, but cross-resistance is common and requires isolate-specific testing. Several clinical investigations show that infections caused by isolates with ERG11 substitutions (e.g., Y132F) are associated with higher rates of therapeutic failure or recurrence when fluconazole is used, underscoring the clinical relevance of genotyping in selected cases.
Public health surveillance that tracks ERG11 mutation prevalence can inform regional guideline adjustments (e.g., reducing fluconazole prophylaxis) to prevent selection and spread of resistant clones.

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